Content 1. Definition, Epidemiology, and Primary Prevention 528 1.1 Definition of Hypertension 528 […]

MENSAGEM DOS COORDENADORES Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), acompanhando o amplo cenário de publicações científicas sobre o tratamento das dislipidemias e prevenção da aterosclerose, bem como a importância de seu impacto sobre o risco cardiovascular, e reconhecendo a necessidade de atualização de sua última diretriz, publicada em 2013, em conformidade com as recomendações da SBC, reuniu um comitê de especialistas, da clínica e do laboratório clínico, a partir de janeiro de 2016, para a elaboração deste […]

Parte 1: Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica […]

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and in Brazil, leading to increased morbidity and disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Despite the decrease in mortality rates and DALY standardized by age in Brazil, possibly as a result of successful health policies, their total number is increasing, mainly due to aging and illnesses in the population. Classical risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, diabetes, and family history) raise the pre-test probability of CVD – particularly of […]

1. Definition of the Problem […]

Abstract Phytosterols are bioactive compounds found in foods of plant origin, which can be divided into plant sterols and plant stanols. Clinical studies consistently indicate that the intake of phytosterols (2 g/day) is associated with a significant reduction (8-10%) in levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol). Thus, several guidelines recommend the intake of 2 g/day of plant sterols and/or stanols in order to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels. As the typical western diet contains only about 300 mg/day of phytosterols, foods enriched […]

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account annually for almost one third of all deaths worldwide. Among the CVD, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is related to more than half of those outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for SAH because it causes functional and structural damage to the arterial wall, leading to stiffness. Several studies have related oxidative stress, production of free radicals, and neuroendocrine and genetic changes to the physiopathogenesis of vascular aging. Indirect ways to analyze […]

About these Statistics Brazil is a continental country of extreme diversity regarding climate and environmental conditions, population density, economic development, and racial and cultural features. One of the 10 richest economies of the world, it is also one of the most unequal countries: according to the World Bank, Brazil ranks among the 10 countries with the highest Gini index, a measurement of inequality in income distribution ( ). Brazil has one of the largest public health systems with universal coverage, […]

1. Introduction It is common sense—and has been scientifically proven – that physical activity helps to preserve and restore the health of both body and mind. The favorable effects of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR), with an emphasis on physical exercise, include significant reductions in cardiovascular and overall morbidity and mortality, reductions in hospitalization rate, , and significant gains in quality of life, , as consistently documented in the literature, including in meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. These effects justify the consensual, […]

Introduction The latest Heart Failure Guidelines by the Department of Heart Failure of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DEIC/SBC) were finalized on March 2018. Since then, a significant number of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic approaches has arisen or consolidated their position in international clinical practice and in clinical research. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us much about the pathophysiological model of myocardial damage and raised many questions about the continuity and safety of medication use in patients with […]

Content 1. Definition, Epidemiology, and Primary Prevention 528 1.1 Definition of Hypertension 528 […]

Definitions of Recommendations and Evidence […]

Parte 1: Diretriz Brasileira de Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica […]

MENSAGEM DOS COORDENADORES Departamento de Aterosclerose da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC), acompanhando o amplo cenário de publicações científicas sobre o tratamento das dislipidemias e prevenção da aterosclerose, bem como a importância de seu impacto sobre o risco cardiovascular, e reconhecendo a necessidade de atualização de sua última diretriz, publicada em 2013, em conformidade com as recomendações da SBC, reuniu um comitê de especialistas, da clínica e do laboratório clínico, a partir de janeiro de 2016, para a elaboração deste […]

1. Introduction There are currently a wide modalities of interventional strategies – both transcatheter and surgical – which can be indicated for patients with valvular heart diseases (VHD), with the objective of reducing the morbidity and mortality. The correct timing for indication and the type of interventional treatment are linked to the precise anatomical and functional diagnosis of the VHD, and comprehensive global evaluation of the patient. The 2020 Update of the Brazilian Guidelines for VHD, in addition to compiling […]

1. Definition of the Problem […]

Introduction The latest Heart Failure Guidelines by the Department of Heart Failure of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (DEIC/SBC) were finalized on March 2018. Since then, a significant number of therapeutic interventions and diagnostic approaches has arisen or consolidated their position in international clinical practice and in clinical research. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us much about the pathophysiological model of myocardial damage and raised many questions about the continuity and safety of medication use in patients with […]

Introduction Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic cause of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), especially myocardial infarction, related to lifetime exposure to high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). It is a severe form of genetic dyslipidemia in which approximately 85% of men and 50% of women may experience a coronary event before 65 years of age if not properly treated. FH is considered a public health problem because of the high prevalence (approximately 1:200-300 in the general population) […]

1. Definition of the Problem […]

Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) manifests as pulmonary embolism (PE) and/or deep vein thrombosis (DVT), being part of the same disease spectrum and presenting the same risk factors. It is the third most common cause of acute cardiovascular syndrome worldwide, being potentially life-threatening. , In Brazil, according to data from the Ministry of Health collected between 2010 and 2021, the number of hospitalizations for VTE exceeded 520,000, with a total of more than 67,000 deaths from 2010 to 2019. […]