Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) is a heterogeneous group of diseases encompassing obstructive and non-obstructive coronary atherosclerotic disease with or without previous myocardial infarction (MI) or coronary revascularization, in addition to the disease diagnosed only by non-invasive tests. According to data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, the total number of people living with ischemic heart disease in Brazil, whether symptomatic or not, increased from 1.48 million to more than 4 million between 1990 and 2019. Population growth, aging, […]

The estimated prevalence of left main artery disease found during diagnostic angiography is 6% in published series. The enthusiasm for a less invasive therapy than coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease dates back to the 90s. Although the contribution of CABG in the survival of patients with ULMCA disease is undeniable, in the last few years, several authors have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite the […]

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 16% of the world’s deaths in 2019. However, due to continuous evolution in medical treatment and revascularization techniques, a steady decline in death rates in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has been observed in recent years. Currently, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the gold-standard treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and a mainstay therapeutic option for non-STEMI ACS and stable coronary artery […]

Ischemic heart disease is an important cause of death in stroke patients during a long-term follow-up. , Ischemic stroke survivors have a high prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Indeed, half of those with no cardiac history have some degree of coronary atherosclerotic plaques and one-third have more than 50% of coronary stenosis. For the assessment of CAD risk, a non-invasive stratification score based on the extent and density of computed tomography coronary artery calcium (CAC) was proposed by […]