Abstract Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) represents a frequent observation in clinical practice. Nonetheless, the hypertrophic phenotype emerges as a common manifestation of diverse conditions, thereby presenting a diagnostic conundrum for clinicians. Differentiation among the etiologies of LVH is imperative for therapy decision-making, as different approaches must be implemented for distinct conditions, such as LVH secondary to loading changes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), or HCM mimics. In some instances, an erroneous or late diagnosis may lead to a progression of the underlying […]

The role of pulmonary congestion in heart failure and the limits of the traditional clinical examination Pulmonary congestion, such as low cardiac output, is a preponderant element in patients with heart failure (HF), which is considered an important cause of hospital admissions and death., Thus, the identification of pulmonary extravascular fluid in patients with HF can be used as an aid in strategies to optimize clinical therapy. Traditionally, assessment of pulmonary congestion has been based on the patient’s clinical status […]