Medical education and practice in Brazil suffer from countless limitations, among which lacking scientific training stands out. Recently, the physician-researcher has emerged as a figure capable of partially correcting this gap. In this paper, I will seek to evaluate the physician-researcher’s role. Conventional medicine is dedicated to the application of medical knowledge. Therefore, it deals with the general characteristics of diseases, namely, symptoms, evolution, pathophysiological impairment of organs and systems, etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic methods. […]