Heart failure (HF) involves systemic inflammation and metabolic alterations. The prevalence is rising due to improvements in HF treatments and longer life expectancy in the population. Also, the diagnostic approach of patients with HF has markedly increased with the development of new algorithms to promote earlier diagnosis. Careful use of biomarkers might help to refine the diagnosis and management and further improve the prognosis of HF patients. The term “biomarker” (from biological marker) was coined in 1989 to identify a measurable […]