Introduction In recent decades, advances in pharmacological treatment and implantable devices have impacted the prognosis of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there remains high residual risk to be addressed. New therapies with different pathophysiologic targets can enhance the action of medications on the neurohormonal system and remodeling, and these benefits occur in addition to those of standard medical therapy. depicts the main results of randomized clinical trials on HF treatment. […]