Neurohormonal activation is one of the most relevant pathophysiological features in Heart Failure (HF), promoting long-term deleterious effects that contribute to the development of cardiorenal syndrome. This hyperactivation is associated with the prognosis of acute heart failure; therefore, it is plausible to hypothesize that its activity is associated with the prognosis of heart failure. The current universal classification of heart failure, updated in 2021, modified the classification of HF according to ejection fraction (EF), replacing the mid-range EF (HFmrEF) with […]

Heart failure is a systemic condition that may lead to impairment of many organ systems and physiological functions that may cause symptoms and may have a negative influence in the prognosis of the patients., Compromising renal function may be one of the ailments of patients with heart failure., Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this complication are key issues in patient care; strategies of categorization of acute renal lesions have been developed and are helpful in clinical practice. […]