Abstract Background There is a lack in identifying heart failure (HF) patients with an increased risk of hospitalization and death. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a biomarker associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, emerges as a candidate associated with cardiovascular and renal disease. The low estimated glomerular filter rate (eGFR), low urinary sodium (UNa), and the high ratio of albumin to creatinine are renal markers already associated with a high risk of hospitalization and mortality. Objective To evaluate the relationship […]

Abstract Background There was no scientific evidence about the initial treatment of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Objectives This study assessed the impact of using HSS along with a loop diuretic (LD) as the first diuretic treatment for ADHF, focusing on renal function, electrolyte levels, and clinical outcomes. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, 171 adult patients (93 females/78 males) with ADHF were included between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022. Patients were allocated […]