Pre-diabetes is the term used to describe individuals who have altered glucose metabolism but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. People with pre-diabetes have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all-cause mortality., Lifestyle changes, including diet and regular physical activity, are effective in preventing diabetes and CVD. Some nutritional approaches have been used to promote weight loss and glycemic control. Intermittent fasting is a dietary practice restricting calorie consumption during a […]

Arterial hypertension (AH) affects approximately 30% of adults in Brazil. A previously rare condition in children and adolescents, this situation has been changing given the obesity pandemic currently occurring in this age group. Primary AH is a complex disease, as its appearance depends on genetic predisposition and factors linked to lifestyle. There is still no robust and easily obtainable genetic score to be used clinically as a predictor of AH. The same does not occur with the lifestyle factors, as […]

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is common in the general population, affecting most adults over 60 years of age. The disease includes four main areas: (1) Coronary heart disease, (2) Cerebrovascular disease, (3) Peripheral arterial disease, and (4) Aortic atherosclerosis with aneurysms. The conditions traditionally associated with the installation of ACVD (the so-called “risk factors”) are dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and a family history of ACVD. Atherosclerotic vascular changes may begin in childhood, setting the stage […]

The impact of the SARS-Cov2 pandemic hit the world quickly and overwhelmingly and highlighted the heroes of the white cover: healthcare professionals. It took more than two years of uninterrupted work, facing various challenges and external and internal conflicts to preserve the patient’s life, colleagues, their families and themselves. A complicated scenario, not only due to the overload of professional demand but also the scientific lack of knowledge of what we were facing. Scientists worldwide have joined forces to disseminate […]

Heart failure (HF) is considered a prevalent disease, limiting survival and constituting one of the leading causes of hospitalization or death in several countries, including Brazil. Therefore, clinical classification in patients with HF can be considered important as an initial reference, as it informs the functional condition of these patients. Classically, the subjective classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA) and the objective classification of Weber are the most used. The NYHA functional classification and oxygen consumption at peak […]

With the involvement of approximately 30% of the Brazilian population, arterial hypertension is listed as one of the main causes of cardiovascular disease. The current WHO recommendation for sodium intake is < 2g/person/day, or 5g salt/person/day. However, it is already known that the salt intake pattern of the Brazilian population reaches up to 12g/day. Although the increase in blood pressure has a multifactorial etiology, excessive sodium intake is among the main causes. , This element has important physiological functions such […]

Despite the significant global socioeconomic disparities, the world’s population has grown exponentially, and the average life continues to increase significantly.– If at the beginning of the 19th century, life expectancy in Europe was around 35 years, at present, only the African continent has populations with an average life expectancy of fewer than 60 years.– […]