Can the results from Elbarbary be applied in clinical practice? To answer this question, several considerations are necessary: since AF is a disease with a complex pathophysiology involving multiple factors, it is unlikely that we will find any biomarkers useful for defining cardiovascular risks in all patients. Although many studies using an adequate number of patients and proper methodology have shown promising results for certain biomarkers in specific patient groups, these findings may not be applicable to a large number […]