Since the implantation of the first cardiac pacemaker in 1958, artificial cardiac pacing has been the subject of innumerable research, great technical improvement, and technological innovations. Thus, the correction of bradyarrhythmias using implantable electronic devices is the area in which one of the greatest advances in knowledge within Interventional Cardiology has been observed. More recently, the description of a new technique, the so-called physiological cardiac stimulation, caused great enthusiasm among specialists and a real transformation in the evolution of patients. […]

Reintervention in artificial cardiac pacing systems that involves lead approach, either for the implantation of a new lead and/or the removal of an old one, is most frequently a difficult procedure, with a high probability of complications. Since the transvenous endocardial route started being used by artificial cardiac pacing systems, lead cables have shown to be more vulnerable to complications; however, when it comes to reintervention, the complications are much more frequent. The significant prevalence of venous obstruction and the […]