ABOUT THESE STATISTICS The publication Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil aims to provide an annual compilation of data and research on the epidemiology of CVDs in Brazil. The report integrates official statistics from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and other governmental entities alongside data from the GBD project, coordinated by the IHME at the University of Washington. Additionally, it incorporates data derived from various sources and scientific studies, including cohorts and registries, that relate to CVDs and their associated risk factors. […]

Introduction The main goal of cardiovascular rehabilitation is to improve cardiorespiratory fitness using aerobic exercise (AE). The general recommendation for the practice of physical exercise, according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, is 150 minutes per week divided into 3 to 5 weekly sessions. The appropriate practice of physical exercise aims to reduce blood pressure, risk of cardiovascular events and risk of mortality in cardiovascular patients., The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is the reference test to assess cardiorespiratory function and […]

Abstract Background: It is unclear whether exercise is safe in patients with more advanced forms of coronary artery disease, such as those with refractory angina (RA). Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of an acute aerobic exercise session (AAES) on high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) levels in patients with RA. Methods: This was a longitudinal, non-randomized, and non-controlled clinical study. Participants were recruited from April 2015 to January 2019. On a visual pain scale from 0 to 10, pain […]

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is not possible to establish causality, and longitudinal design studies are required. Objective: To analyze the changes in cardiovascular risk parameters and physical activity levels after a 2-year follow-up in patients with symptomatic PAD. Methods: This study started in 2015. In the first phase, 268 patients were included. In the second phase, after 2 years (median […]

Abstract Background: Sustained high blood pressure can lead to vascular remodeling and endothelial cell injury, which may explain the endothelial dysfunction found in hypertensive individuals. Exercise training can improve vascular health in individuals with cardiovascular risk, but little is known about its effects in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Objective: To review the literature showing evidence of changes in endothelial function in response to different modalities of exercise training in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of […]

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. In 2016, CVD accounted for more than 17 million deaths, representing 31% of all deaths globally. Molecular and genetic mechanisms may be involved in vascular protection and should be considered in new therapeutic approaches. In this sense, recent studies have reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is reduced in individuals predisposed to develop CVD, and that aerobic physical training increases the amounts of circulating BDNF. […]

Cachexia is a prevalent pathological condition associated with chronic heart failure. Its occurrence predicts increased morbidity and mortality independent of important clinical variables such as age, ventricular function, or heart failure functional class. The clinical consequences of cachexia are dependent on both weight loss and systemic inflammation, which accompany cachexia development. Skeletal muscle wasting is an important component of cachexia; it often precedes cachexia development and predicts poor outcome in heart failure. Cachexia clinically affects several organs and systems. It […]