Functional capacity, the ability to perform daily activities independently, is commonly assessed using standardized tests like the 6-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and one-minute sit-to-stand test. However, the gold standard for evaluating functional or cardiorespiratory capacity is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), which measures peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). CPET involves gradually increasing exercise intensity until exhaustion or symptom onset. Numerous studies consistently demonstrate a strong inverse association between VO2peak and cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality,, […]