Introduction Heart failure (HF) is detected in 1-2% of adults. Its incidence increases with age. While it is 1% in individuals aged < 55 years, it is approximately 10% in individuals aged > 70 years. According to the latest guideline, HF is basically divided into 3 classes: HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), HF with mild-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), and HF with low ejection fraction (HFlEF). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction presents clinically with symptoms of HF and a […]