Abstract Background Previous studies have demonstrated a high risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events as a consequence of direct viral damage to endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and a procoagulant milieu due to increased biomarkers, such as D-dimer, fibrinogen, and factor VIII. Although randomized controlled trials of antithrombotic therapies have been conducted in hospitalized patients, few have evaluated the role of thromboprophylaxis in an outpatient setting. Objective To assess whether antithrombotic prophylaxis with rivaroxaban reduces the risk of venous or […]

Abstract Backgroud Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can reduce mortality among patients with aortic stenosis. Knowledge of pressure distribution and shear stress at the aortic wall may help identify critical regions, where aortic remodeling process may occur. Here a numerical simulation study of the influence of positioning of the prosthetic valve orifice on the flow field is presented. Objective The present analysis provides a perspective of great variance on flow behavior due only to angle changes. Methods A 3D model […]

Efficacy versus Effectiveness We underlined that efficacy and effectiveness describe two different types of information: efficacy is the demonstration that a new principle can theoretically work, which comes from studies under ideal controlled conditions; effectiveness is how the concept proven by efficacy studies works under real world conditions (RWC)., For demonstration of efficacy, one should select the optimal scenario for the proof of principle. It requires an experimental study design, with random allocation of treatments, to eliminate confounding bias and […]