The atherosclerotic plaque formation process in the arterial walls is a very complex process. Plaque development occurs due to an interplay between endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. There is an increase in endothelial permeability and activation of signaling molecules, including inflammatory mediators and cell adhesion molecules. Moreover, circulating lipoproteins (particularly low-density lipoproteins – LDL) can cross the endothelial layer and be deposited in the intimal space, where they undergo oxidative changes (oxLDL), increasing the local inflammatory response. […]