Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2025; 122(7): e20250056

Esophageal Temperature Monitoring during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Randomized Study

Daniel Moreira Costa Moura , Renner Augusto Raposo Pereira , Cristiano Faria Pisani , Tan Chen Wu, Muhieddine Omar Chokr , Carina Abigail Hardy , Sissy Lara de Melo , Francisco Carlos da Costa Darrieux , Denise Tessariol Hachul , Mauricio Ibrahim Scanavacca

DOI: 10.36660/abc.20250056i

Abstract

Background

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation carries a risk of esophageal thermal injury (ETI), which can lead to severe complications.

Objective

To evaluate three luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring strategies and assess their effectiveness in reducing the incidence of ETI.

Methods

Patients with AF were randomized into three PVI groups according to the temperature monitoring strategy: no LET monitoring (Group 1), LET monitoring with a single-sensor probe (SSP) thermometer (Group 2), and LET monitoring with a multisensor probe (MSP) thermometer (Group 3). In Group 1, AF ablation was performed at a fixed power of 20 W on the left atrial posterior wall. In Groups 2 and 3, AF ablation power was titrated based on LET measurements, with a cutoff temperature of 37.5 °C. Each group included 20 patients. A two-sided p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT03645070) and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (#RBR-2yvgyf).

Results

All patients underwent PVI and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. No ETI was observed in patients monitored with an MSP thermometer. In contrast, five patients without LET monitoring and six patients monitored with an SSP thermometer developed ETI (p=0.006). Higher temperatures were recorded with an MSP thermometer (37.9 vs. 38.45 °C, p=0.018). There were no significant differences in PVI duration or total radiofrequency application time (p=0.250 and p=0.253, respectively).

Conclusions

LET monitoring with an MSP thermometer during PVI significantly reduces the incidence of ETI compared to no monitoring or SSP monitoring. Implementing advanced LET monitoring strategies may enhance patient safety without compromising procedural efficiency.